TENSES

There are 16 kinds of tenses in English, those are:

1. PRESENT TENSE
Simple Present Tense
Present Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Prefect Continuous Tense
2. PAST TENSE
Simple Past Tense
Past Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
3. FUTURE TENSE
Simple Future Tense
Future Tense Continuous Tense
Future  Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
4. PAST FUTURE TENSE
Simple Past Future Tense
Fast Future Continuous Tense
Past Future Tense
Past Future Continuous Tense

SIMPLE PRESENT
Stating a habit (habitual action)
Activities that occur over and over - again and again and again
Stating a general truth.
Formulas :
(+) S + V1 + es/s + Object
(- ) S + do/does + not + V1 + Object
(? ) do/does + s + V1 + Object?

Examples:
My sister lives in Riau.
My sister does not live in Sulawesi.
Does your sister live in Riau ?
The earth turns 360o  everyday
The earth does not orbit the earth
adverb of times : always, usually, seldom, often, every day, every month, and etc.


PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
To declare an ongoing activity (now)
To declare an ongoing activity around the time of speaking.
Formulas:
( + ) s + is/am/are + V – ing
( -  ) s + is/am/are + not + V – ing
( ? ) is/am/are + s + V – ing

Examples :
I’m cooking for breakfast  now.
I’m not cooking for lunch now.
Are you cooking for lunch now ?
We are eating breakfast at seven o’clock now.
Citra is not studying Math now.
adverb of time : now

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
To declare an act, events that happened in the past and still nothing to do with present
To show an event that completed in a short time (just finished).
Formulas :
( + ) s + have/has + V3 + Object
( – ) s + have/has + not + V3 + Object
( ? ) have/has + s + V3 + Object ?

Examples :
Anna has washed her hands.
Joko has not washed his hands.
Has Gilang washed his hands?
We have known each other for along time.
I and my father have not met for along time.

PRESENT PREFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
To declare an activity that started in the past and  is still ongoing and there may still be ongoing
Formulas:
( + ) s + have/has + been + V – ing
( – ) s + have/has + not + been + V – ing
( ? ) have/has + s + been + V – ing ?

Examples :
Jane has been living in Melbourne for 3 years
Jane has not been living in Melbourne for 2 months.
Has Jane been living in Melbourne for 3 years ?
Teguh has been talking to Ridho through LINE for five minutes.
Ryade and Lena have not been talking since last week.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE
To express an activity that occurs at a point in the past.
Formulas:
( + ) s + V2 + Object
( – ) s + did + not + V1 + Object
( ? ) did + s + V1 + Object?

Examples :
My sister went to Labersa swimming pool last Tuesday.
My brother did not go to Labersa swimming pool yesterday.
Did my sister go to Labersa swimming pool last week ?
I ate chicken curry this morning.
My friends did not eat dinner last night.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
To express an ongoing activity in the past when other activities occur / interrupt.
Formulas:
( + ) s + was/were + V – ing
( – ) s + was/were + not + V – ing
( ? ) was/were + s + V – ing ?

Examples :
I was sweeping the floor when my father watched TV.
I was not eating when my elder sister ate supper.
Was I sleeping when my friend came?
When you were sleeping I came to your house.
Alice was not waiting me when I picked up to Jimmy.
PAST PERFECT TENSE
To declare an act that is completed events done in the past or explain an events which first occurred between the two in question.
Formulas :
( + ) s + had + v3
( – ) s + had + not + v3
( ? ) had + s + v3

Examples :
Lucinta Luna had bought a new car before we came to his house.
Al Ghazali had not come yet when I arrived at airport.
Had mimi peri heared when I called him ?
Agnez Mo and Chris brown had been at studio when the producer came.
I had not been at Ciputra Mall when Justin Bieber came.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
To declare an act or event that has been started in the past and is still going on in the past also.
Formulas:
( + ) s + had + been + V – ing
( – ) s + had + not + been + V – ing
( ? ) had + s + been + V – ing ?

Examples :
They had been drawing when we studied Grammar.
They had not been running when we went jogging.
Had they been cooking when we studied Biology ?
Chris went to the market when his wife had been cooking rice.
Anne had not been cooking when her mother cooked chicken soup
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
To declare an act or event that will be done at the time will come.
Formulas:
( + ) s + shall/will + V1
( – ) s + shall/will + not + V1
( ? ) shall/will + s + V1

Examples :
I will go to Mall tomorrow.
My niece shall not follow me.
Will Will Smith follow me ?
Charlie and Nicki Minaj will give me a book.
Taylor Swift shall not give me a book.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
To declare an act or event that will be taking place at a time will come.
Formulas:
( + ) s + shall/will + be + v – ing
( – ) s + shall/will + not + be + V – ing
( ? ) shall/will + s + be + V – ing

Examples :
I will be vlogging if SNSD come to night.
My Idol shall not be sleeping if her fans are there.
Will they be acting ?
DJ Khalid will be singing at Living World mall tonight.
Shall Marion Jola be arriving from Jakarta tonight ?

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
To declare an act or event that already started in the past and soon to be completed in time dating.
Formulas:
( + ) s + shall/will + have + V3
( – ) s + shall/will + not + have + V3
( ? ) shall/will + s + have + V3

Examples :
Jodie and Ayu will have finished their work by Sunday.
Boy William and Karen will not have finished their holiday trip by Friday.
Will They have finished their holiday Tuesday ?
My sister shall have been at University.
Ayu Ting-Ting shall not have been at home when her mom arrived.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
To declare an act or event that already exist in the past but it is still possible to dillanjutkan at the time will come.
Formulas:
( + ) s + shall/will + have + been + V – ing
( – ) s + shall/will + not + have + been + V – ing
( ? ) shall/will + s + have + been + V – ing

Examples :
My husband shall have been working in the office for 2 years by the end of 2018.
Those kids shall not have been swimming.
Shall he have been cooking ?
Teressa will have been staying in Stacy's house two days by the end of this week.
Andrew will not have been studying by a hour.

PAST FUTURE TENSE
To declare an act or event that will come done in the past.
Formulas:
( + ) s + should/would + V1
( – ) s + should/would + not + V1
( ? ) should/would + s + V1

Examples :
My parents would give me a new bike the week before.
They would not give me a new bike the next two days.
Would they give me a new car the ?
Angelica would come to my house the next day.
Rizka would not come to my house.

PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
To declare an act or event that will be taking place the past.
Formulas:
( + ) s + should/would + be + V – ing
( – ) s + should/would + not + be + V – ing
( ? ) should/would + s + be + V – ing

Examples :
They would be meeting here at five yesterday.
The client and the owner would not be meeting here at four yesterday.
Would they be meeting here at two yesterday ?
I should be helping them on Sunday last month.
We should not be helping them on Saturday last month.

PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
To declare an act of events that will come already in the past supposition that can not happen because it is definitely not fulfilled.
Formulas:
( + ) s + should/would + have + V3
( – )  s + should/would + not + have + V3
( ? )  should/would + s + have + V3

Examples :
Dijah Yellow would have been success if she had worked hard.
Justin Bieber would not have been success if he had not worked hard.
Would Selena Gomez have been success if she had not worked hard ?
They  should have come there if Ariana Grande had asked them.
Lucinta Luna should not have come there if Atta Halilintar had not asked him.

PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
To declare an act of events that will already be in progress at the past.
Formulas:
( + )  s + should/would + have + been + V – ing
( – )   s + should/would + not + have + been + V – ing
( ? )  should/would + s + have + been + V – ing

Examples :
My wife should have been working there for three years by the end of this year.
The maid should not have been working there.
Should Nurani have been studying at SMANSA for 2 two years by the end of this year ?
Dilan would have been teaching English for nine months by the end of this year.
Would I have been studying English for six years by the end of this year ?

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